Energy source of the morning movement
Energy for movement is obtained when a high-energy compound called adenosine triphosphate (ATP) breaks down into adenosine diphosphate (ADP).
One mole of ATP can produce 7.3 kilocalories of energy. However, ATP is an unstable molecule and cannot be stored for long periods of time.
Therefore, ATP is constantly produced in organelles called mitochondria within cells.
Within the mitochondria, carbohydrates and fats are converted to pyruvate and acyl COA, which are further converted to acetyl COA, and hydrogen (H) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are removed in the "TCA cycle." Hydrogen is passed to the coenzymes NAD+ and FAD, and is combined with fugitive (02) via the "electron transport chain" that transfers the electrons of hydrogen, producing ATP.
This entire process is called oxidative phosphorylation because ADP is phosphorylated to ATP using hydrogen oxidation energy.
This energy production using oxygen in the mitochondria represents the energy supply during aerobic exercise such as jogging.
Fat can only produce energy in the mitochondria, but carbohydrates also produce a small amount of ATP when converted to pyruvate. This mechanism is called ``glycolysis,'' and it can produce energy even in the absence of oxygen.
In other words, carbohydrates have a dual mechanism of producing ATP through glycolysis and mitochondria. However, if oxygen is not supplied in time, pyruvate will be converted to lactobacillus.
This energy production through glycolysis, which does not require oxygen, is exactly what provides energy when performing inorganic exercise such as short-distance running or muscle training.
In this way, carbohydrates and fat are the energy sources during aerobic exercise, and carbohydrates are the only energy source during anaerobic exercise.
Moto Arito How to use energy in exercise
In organic exercise, carbohydrates and fats serve as energy sources. So, how does the living body distinguish between carbohydrates and fats?
First, during aerobic exercise, carbohydrates are preferentially used as energy. When the concentration of blood sugar is high, that is, when there is sufficient glucose in the blood, the pancreas secretes a hormone called insulin, which takes glucose into muscle cells and uses it as an energy source.
Furthermore, as you continue aerobic exercise, your blood sugar level will drop, and insulin will no longer be secreted, making it easier for your body to use fat as an energy source.
In this way, it is known that the use of carbohydrates and fats is mainly regulated by the secretion of insulin.
Glucose is a valuable energy source for the brain and an important nutrient for maintaining brain activity. Therefore, when blood sugar levels are low, the body must give priority to glucose and send it to the brain, and it is said that during organic exercise fat is used as an energy source.
The energy situation during aerobic exercise is very similar to that of the heart. Both of these are because when there is an adequate supply of glucose, the body uses glucose as an energy source, and when glucose is low, the body uses fat as an energy source.
Organic exercise uses slow-twitch fibers, and the heart is made up mostly of a muscle called myocardium. Both slow-twitch fibers and cardiac muscle have in common that they have a large number of mitochondria, a large amount of myoglobulin, and an active phosphorylation reaction that constantly produces ATP.
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